Marriage in Islam, known as Nikah, is both a sacred covenant (Mithaq Ghaliz) and a social contract. It provides spiritual, emotional, and social stability while protecting individuals and society from immorality.
The Qur’an highlights its importance:
“And among His signs is this: that He created for you spouses from among yourselves, so that you may find tranquility in them, and He placed between you affection and mercy.”
(Surah Ar-Rum 30:21)
Purpose of Marriage in Islam
The main purposes of marriage in Islam include:
- Completing half of faith by living responsibly.
- Companionship and tranquility between spouses.
- Preservation of lineage through family.
- Social harmony and avoidance of immorality.
- Mutual support in both worldly and spiritual life.
Conditions of a Valid Nikah in Islam
For a marriage to be valid, the following conditions must be fulfilled:
- Consent of both bride and groom.
- Mahr (Dowry) – a mandatory gift from groom to bride.
- Witnesses – at least two adult witnesses.
- Ijab & Qubool – offer and acceptance.
- Public Declaration to distinguish from secret relationships.
Rights and Responsibilities in Islamic Marriage
Rights of the Wife in Islam
- Right to Mahr (dowry).
- Right to financial support (food, clothing, shelter).
- Right to kind treatment and respect.
- Right to seek divorce (Khula) when necessary.
Rights of the Husband in Islam
- Right to obedience in lawful matters.
- Right to respect, loyalty, and companionship.
- Right to be recognized as head of the family (with justice).
Shared Responsibilities
- Raising children with good values.
- Supporting each other in faith and daily life.
- Maintaining love, mercy, and forgiveness.
Marriage as Worship in Islam
Marriage is not just a contract but an act of worship. When spouses fulfill their rights and live in harmony, they are rewarded by Allah.
The Prophet ﷺ said:
“When a man marries, he has fulfilled half of his religion…”
(Tirmidhi, Hadith 3096)
Importance of Love, Mercy, and Forgiveness
The Qur’an emphasizes love (mawaddah) and mercy (rahmah) in marriage. These values ensure emotional bonding, compassion in hardships, and forgiveness for mistakes — all essential for a lasting relationship.
Modern Challenges to Marriage in Islam
- Extravagant cultural practices overshadowing simplicity.
- Unrealistic material expectations.
- Misunderstanding of gender roles.
- Rising divorce rates due to poor communication.
Solution: Return to Quranic guidance and the example of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, who emphasized simplicity, respect, and mutual love.
FAQs on Marriage in Islam
1. What is the main purpose of marriage in Islam?
To provide companionship, preserve morality, and build families while fulfilling half of one’s faith.
2. Is dowry (Mahr) compulsory in Islam?
Yes, Mahr is mandatory and must be given by the groom to the bride as a symbol of respect and commitment.
3. Can a woman choose her husband in Islam?
Yes, Islam requires the consent of both bride and groom. Forced marriages are not valid.
4. What makes a marriage valid in Islam?
Consent, Mahr, witnesses, offer & acceptance (Ijab & Qubool), and public declaration.
5. Is marriage in Islam considered worship?
Yes, marriage is seen as worship and completing half of one’s faith when done with pure intentions.
Conclusion: Marriage as a Spiritual Journey
Marriage in Islam is more than a legal contract — it is a spiritual journey rooted in faith, love, and mercy. When practiced according to Quran and Sunnah, it becomes a source of peace in this life and a means of gaining Allah’s pleasure in the Hereafter.